Is ADHD a Disability? The Truth About ADHD Diagnosis, Treatment, & Prognosis

Is ADHD a disability? This question is on the forefront of parents whose children have been diagnosed as well as adults diagnosed with the condition. The answer: no. While ADHD does present unique challenges, it is simply a neurodevelopmental difference that should be seen as a gift and uniqueness.

If you, your child, or another loved one has been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), you likely understand that this is one diagnosis that isn’t as cut-and-dry as many would have us believe. 

ADHD is a common condition that affects about 5 percent of the world’s population. And as its prevalence has increased over the last several years and more attention has been placed on the perceived limitations it imposes, it’s been considered a disability. But recently, an ongoing debate has emerged about whether or not ADHD should really be classified as a disability. 

The truth is that those with ADHD should be considered as having a  neurodevelopmental difference rather than a disability. But to understand why this is the case, we must first explore the truth behind ADHD diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis so that we can truly appreciate what this difference means for those diagnosed. 

What Is ADHD?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that causes inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Those with ADHD may struggle with focusing, organizing tasks, controlling impulses, and managing time efficiently.

It affects both children and adults, often presenting in early childhood and persisting into adulthood. A common condition, approximately 4 percent of adults and 8.4 percent of children have been diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S.

Research suggests that individuals with ADHD may have imbalances in neurotransmitters, the chemicals that help regulate brain function, and that these imbalances stem from a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Additionally, these imbalances are known to affect the brain’s ability to focus, prioritize tasks, and maintain self-control. 

So, how and why does this happen? What truly causes ADHD? 

At the core, there are numerous areas and networks in the brain linked with ADHD, which is why it’s often referred to as a “connection” problem. But the areas primarily involved are those responsible for our developing consciousness.

Ultimately, the disruptions in the brain’s networks responsible for sustaining attention, switching tasks, and regulating emotions drive the more problematic ADHD symptoms. Specifically, this area of the brain is known as the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG). 

The ACG and the anterior insula (AI) play crucial roles in managing how your brain perceives its environment, assesses potential consequences, and maintains internal awareness. The ACG is heavily involved in attention and emotional regulation, while both the ACG and AI keep track of external stimuli and internal states. 

Scientists and doctors are beginning to understand that the AI is mainly involved in controlling cognition and reward processing, which is ultimately driven by curiosity and novelty. We also know that the volume (the size of the region) of the ACG is reduced in size in analyzing adults with ADHD. 

The AI likely compensates for this network partner’s weaknesses by seeking out novelty and other curiosity-driven behaviors. While this is great for learning, it’s not conducive for controlling someone’s attention in a classroom setting, nor does it support behavioral control. 

Now, the ACG and AI also interact with larger networks, such as the default mode network (DMN) and the central executive network (CEN). The DMN is involved in assessing negative consequences, while the CEN is essential for goal setting and achievement, influencing how you pursue positive outcomes for your future and well-being. 

Any disruption in these connections and networks are known to contribute to the symptoms of ADHD. Additionally, a qEEG analysis can provide more insight into what’s happening inside the ADHD brain.

The hallmark of ADHD is when this analysis shows that slow (theta) brain waves dominate in regions that should contain fast (beta) waves, such as the cognition control and attention networks. It’s the theta-beta ratio that provides the most accurate assessment regarding the severity of ADHD in someone.

It’s important to note that from the time a child is a toddler into early childhood, the brain is dominated by slow wave activity. But as children age into the 6 to 12 years of age, the brain’s dominant rhythms should start to increase in speed. If the slow waves don’t develop toward faster waves, then you experience trouble controlling attention, curiosity, and novelty-driven behaviors.

Now, it’s also important to note that ADHD is known to be a spectrum disorder, meaning that symptoms can vary widely from person to person.

That said, it’s also crucial to note that ADHD often coexists with other conditions, known as comorbidities. For instance, learning disabilities affect 20 to 30 percent of children with ADHD. Anxiety is another common comorbidity, present in approximately 25 percent of teens with ADHD, while obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) occurs at a rate of up to 19 percent in teens with ADHD. 

Finally, about 80 percent of adults with ADHD have at least one co-occurring mental health condition, with around 50 percent experiencing depression.

Types, Symptoms, and Characteristics of ADHD

There are different types of ADHD, including primarily inattentive, primarily hyperactive-impulsive, and combined presentation. Symptoms of inattention may include difficulty following instructions, forgetfulness, and being easily distracted. Meanwhile, hyperactivity and impulsivity can manifest as restlessness, excessive talking, and impulsive decision-making.

Both adults and children with ADHD often possess unique strengths and abilities. Their creativity, out-of-the-box thinking, and high energy levels can result in innovative problem-solving and unconventional perspectives.

ADHD vs. ADD: Is There a Difference?

There is a common misconception that ADHD and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) are interchangeable terms. But ADD is an outdated term no longer recognized in diagnostic manuals and by much of the medical community. 

Today, the term ADHD encompasses both the inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive presentations, bringing all symptoms under the same diagnostic umbrella.

Is ADHD a Disability?

ADHD presents challenges in certain areas of life, so it’s only natural to be left wondering: Is ADHD a Disability? The answer is no, and it’s imperative to shift our perspective and view it as a unique trait rather than a disability. 

Here’s why: Many successful people, from entrepreneurs to artists and even athletes, have embraced their ADHD traits and turned them into advantages.

For example, Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin Group, has openly shared how his ADHD and dyslexia have spurred his creativity and ability to take risks. 

Will Smith has discussed how his ADHD has fueled his high-energy performances and aided his ability to simultaneously juggle numerous projects. 

And Simone Biles credits her ADHD as giving her the ability to hyperfocus on her gymnastics skills, leading her to become one of the greatest gymnasts of all time.

Amazingly, each of these above examples feature people who have a great capacity to engage in “multi-thinking,” or the ability to have numerous thoughts and ideas simultaneously. This often results in great strengths including creativity and analytic abilities that others may not possess.  

In short, the ability to think outside the box, harness hyperfocus, and remain driven can lead to great achievements. The key to harnessing these abilities lies in exercising the brain to create a stable and organized mind, as those with ADHD often become easily distracted.

To learn more about the unique advantages of having ADHD, consider reading the book Driven, which explores how ADHD traits can be leveraged for success and showcases how those with ADHD often excel in their fields by embracing their unique attributes.

By reframing ADHD as a unique gift, we embrace the potential that lies within individuals with ADHD, promoting understanding and support rather than focusing on limitations.

How Is ADHD Diagnosed?

Being diagnosed with ADHD involves a comprehensive assessment process conducted by specific healthcare professionals. Diagnosis typically includes a detailed medical history, interviews with the patient and their family, and questionnaires that assess symptom severity and impairment across different settings.

Professionals must consider various factors, such as the duration, frequency, and impact of symptoms, to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment approaches.

5 Areas of Bodily Function Affected by ADHD

Now that you know more about how ADHD isn’t a disability, it’s important to understand the physiological aspects of this condition in order to have greater insights into its complexity and guide more effective approaches to help harness this gift and minimize its less desirable effects. 

Here are five areas of bodily function often impacted by ADHD:

1. Metabolic and Detoxification Challenges

You may be surprised to learn that those with ADHD often face metabolic and detoxification challenges. They frequently have low levels of glutathione, a crucial antioxidant for neurological function, and their livers struggle to detoxify xenobiotics, which are substances foreign to your body, including plastics and chemicals.

Additionally, abnormal glutathione peroxidase activity and metabolic errors in purine can lead to autism, along with general mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. Here’s why this is important to know: Many don’t realize that the very same metabolic dysfunction associated with all mental health conditions, especially those that occur during development, are linked to ADHD.

Fortunately, here at The Dearing Clinic, we use a combination of urine tests (including the OAT test), a stool test, and an in-depth DNA analysis to assess the metabolic signatures in ADHD as well as their comorbidities. 

By assessing your neurotransmitter status, energy production, digestive efficiency, and your entire gut microbial balance (via microbiome analysis testing), we get a complete picture of your metabolic challenges. Additionally, by conducting genomic testing to identify specific gene interactions that may affect one of the many systems in your body, we’re able to create a personalized treatment plan to effectively “clean up” any metabolic problems to specifically address areas of concern while promoting your specific strengths. (You can learn more about how these tests work here.)

2. Immune System and Allergies

ADHD is also known to impact a person’s immune system and even make them more susceptible to allergies and asthma. Specifically, studies have shown that children with ADHD have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are also elevated in allergic conditions​.

Additionally, there’s often a familial presence of autoimmune diseases, particularly arthritis and IgA deficiencies. Finally, there is an increased occurrence of OCD, tics, and other immune-related issues in those with ADHD.

This information usually leads to an “aha” moment for parents whose ADHD children were frequently sick and dealing with more respiratory illnesses than other children.

3. Central Nervous System Structure

Next, the central nervous system structure in those with ADHD shows specific brain pathology. Differences in the cerebellum and brainstem, along with developmental delays and differently wired neural pathways, are notable.

Interestingly, the frontal cortex, limbic regions, and basal ganglia are all affected. These regions are crucial for regulating behavior, emotions, attention, and motor control, all of which are impacted in ADHD.

4. Neurotransmitter and Hormonal Imbalances

It’s also important to note that both neurotransmitter and hormonal imbalances are prevalent in those with ADHD. They may have decreased serotonin synthesis, varying dopamine levels, and elevated levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. The great news is that managing these imbalances can be aided by avoiding substances such as aspartame and MSG.

You can learn more about your personal neurotransmitter balance through our metabolic spotlight tests, which reveal how your body metabolizes organic acids, through our telehealth visits. These tests provide the information needed to create individualized treatment plans that target specific inefficiencies in the production of neurotransmitters and the energy production capacity of the brain. 

5. Comorbid Disorders

Finally, certain comorbid disorders are commonly associated with ADHD. As many as two-thirds of children with ADHD referred for evaluation have at least one other diagnosable disorder. Common comorbid conditions include anxiety, mood disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), depression, and conduct disorders.

Treatment Options for Managing ADHD Symptoms

While ADHD itself is not a disability, some individuals with ADHD may require support and treatment strategies to manage their symptoms effectively. Treatment options can vary depending on the person’s individual needs and preferences.

Here are some of the treatment options and important facts to know about each.

Conventional medication options

There are different types of ADHD medication, such as stimulants and non-stimulants, that can help improve attention, reduce impulsivity, and manage hyperactivity. It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional to determine if medication is absolutely necessary and, if so, to ascertain suitable medication and monitor any potential side effects. 

That said, certain medications such as Ritalin can be hit or miss, sometimes causing more dysfunction or not producing any real benefit. They can also disrupt quality sleep, making it important to consider more holistic and natural approaches first.

Holistic and natural treatment for ADHD 

Always consider pursuing non-pharmacological approaches to manage ADHD symptoms first. These can include dietary changes, mindfulness practices, exercise routines (such as taekwondo/karate and rock climbing that provide structure and a dopamine fix), and alternative therapies such as acupuncture or yoga. Avoiding screens and aspartame and MSG can also be beneficial.

You can find more detailed natural treatments for ADHD here.

Lifestyle modifications and behavioral therapy 

Lifestyle modifications such as establishing routines, improving organization, and creating a conducive environment can greatly benefit both adults and children with ADHD. 

Behavioral therapy, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and social skills training, can help someone with ADHD develop coping strategies and improve overall functioning.

Prognosis and Outlook

With the right support and understanding, virtually anyone with ADHD can embrace their unique traits and turn them into advantages. 

Remember that testing and then fortifying your metabolism is the first step to produce more the efficient energy you need to develop and maintain the brain circuitry concerns that cause common ADHD struggles. Additionally, balancing your microbiome is a crucial step, as it supports your brain’s overall health and environment through the gut-brain axis. 

Once you do this, you can begin to tap into strengths, manage any challenges, and harness your creativity to achieve success in academia, careers, and personal relationships.

Remember, society plays a crucial role in fostering an inclusive and accepting environment that values diverse ways of thinking and functioning. By celebrating the strengths of individuals with ADHD, we create a positive outlook and empower them to thrive.

FAQs About ADHD

Here are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about ADHD.

Is ADHD a learning disability? 

No, ADHD itself is not a learning disability. However, someone with ADHD may experience difficulties in academic settings due to his or her inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Additional support, accommodations, and educational interventions can optimize learning potential.

Is ADHD a mental disability? 

No, ADHD is not a mental disability. It falls under the category of neurodevelopmental disorders. While ADHD can impact mental health, it is important to differentiate between neurodevelopmental conditions and mental disabilities to ensure appropriate support and understanding.

Does ADHD qualify as a disability? 

While ADHD should not be considered a disability, the official classification of ADHD as a disability varies depending on the context. In some legal and educational systems, ADHD can be considered a disability, granting individuals certain rights and accommodations. That said, it is essential to view ADHD as a unique neurodevelopmental difference rather than a limiting disability.

Is ADHD on the autism spectrum? 

ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are distinct conditions with overlapping symptoms. While individuals with ADHD may exhibit characteristics common in ASD, they are separate and independent diagnoses. Proper assessment by professionals can help differentiate between the two and ensure appropriate support.

Why is living with ADHD so hard? 

Living with ADHD can be challenging due to the impact it has on various aspects of life. The difficulties in focusing, sustaining attention, organizing tasks, managing time, and controlling impulses can lead to academic, occupational, and relational challenges. 

The good news is that with the right strategies, accommodations, and support, individuals with ADHD can navigate these challenges and lead fulfilling (and even exceptional) lives.

What should I do if I’ve been diagnosed with ADHD? 

If you have recently received an ADHD diagnosis, seek professional guidance and support. Consulting with healthcare professionals, such as doctors and therapists specializing in ADHD, can provide valuable insights into treatment options, coping strategies, and accessing resources within your community.

Remember, an ADHD diagnosis does not define you. It is merely a starting point on your journey towards understanding yourself better and finding strategies that help you achieve your full potential.

What should I do if my child has been diagnosed with ADHD? 

If your child has been diagnosed with ADHD, being informed and proactive can make a significant difference in their well-being. Collaborate with healthcare professionals, educators, and support networks to ensure your child receives any necessary accommodations, therapies, and interventions that cater to their specific needs.

Additionally, fostering open communication, providing a structured environment, and celebrating their strengths can help your child navigate the challenges of ADHD, build resilience, and truly thrive.